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Original references for DNA C-values listed in the Plant DNA C-values database (release 4.0 Oct. 2005)

Algae

Ref. No.	Reference
1	Bailey JC, Kapraun DF. Unpublished research
2	Bot PVM, Brussaard CPD, Stam WT, van den Hoek C. 1991. Evolutionaryrelationships between four species of Cladophora (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta)based on DNA-DNA hybridization. Journal of Phycology 27: 617-623.
3	Bot PVM, Holton RW, Stam WT, van den Hoek C. 1989. Molecular divergence betweenNorth-Atlantic and Indo-West Pacific Cladophora albida (Cladophorales,Chlorophyta) isolates as indicated by DNA-DNA hybridization. Marine Biology 102:307-313.
4	Bot PVM, Stam WT, van den Hoek C, Vandelden, W. 1989. Biogeographic andphylogenetic studies in three North-Atlantic species of Cladophora(Cladophorales, Chlorophyta) using DNA-DNA hybridization. Phycologia 28: 159-168.
5	Bot PVM, Stam WT, van den Hoek C. 1990. Genotypic relations between geographicisolates of Cladophora laetevirens and Cladophora vagabunda. Botanica Marina 33:441-446.
6	Derelle E, Ferraz C, Cooke R, van de Peer Y, Rombauts S, Delseny M, Picard A,Demaille J, Moreau H. 2004. In 'Plant and Animal Genomes XII Conference',January 10–14, 2004, San Diego
7	Freshwater DW.(1993. Cytophotometric estimation of interspecific andintraspecific variation in nuclear DNA content in ten taxa of the Gelidiales(Rhodophyta). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 166: 231-239.
8	Hamada, J., Saito, M. and Ishida, M.R. (1985) Karyology and nuclear DNAquantification of four species of Chaetomorpha (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta) fromthe western Atlantic. Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen 45: 273-285.
9	Hinson TK, Kapraun DF. 1991. Karyology and nuclear DNA quantification of fourspecies of Chaetomorpha (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta) from the Western Atlantic.Helgolander Meeresuntersuchungen, 45, 273-285.
10	Kapraun DF, Bailey JC, Dutcher JA. (1994. Nuclear genome characterization ofthe Carrageenophyte Hypnea musciformis (Rhodophyta). Journal of AppliedPhycology 6: 7-12.
11	Kapraun DF, Dunwoody JT. 2002. Relationship of nuclear genome size to somereproductive cell parameters in the Florideophycidae (Rhodophyta). Phycologia41: 507-516.
12	Kapraun DF, Bailey JC. 1992. Karyology and cytophotometric estimation ofnuclear DNA variation in seven species of Ulvales (Chlorophyta). JapaneseJournal of Phycology 40: 13-24.
13	Kapraun DF, Buratti JR. (1998. Evolution of genome size in the Dasycladales(Chlorophyta) as determined by DAPI cytophotometry. Phycologia 37: 176-183.
14	Kapraun DF, Dutcher JA, Freshwater DW. 1993. Quantification andCharacterization of Nuclear Genomes in Commercial Red Seaweeds - Gracilarialesand Gelidiales. Hydrobiologia 261: 679-688.
15	Kapraun DF, Dutcher JA, Bird KT, Capecchi MF. 1993. Nuclear genomecharacterization and carrageenan analysis of Gymnogongrus griffithsiae(Rhodophyta) from North Carolina. Journal of Applied Phycology 5: 99-107.
16	Kapraun DF, Dutcher JA, Lopez-Bautista J. 1992. Nuclear genome characterizationof the carrageenophyte Agardhiella subulata (Rhodophyta). Journal of AppliedPhycology 4: 129-137.
17	Kapraun DF, Ganzon-Fortes E., Bird K, Trono G, Breden C. 1994. Karyology andagar analysis of the agarophyte Gelidiella acerosa (Forsskal) Feldmann et Hamelfrom the Philippines. Journal of Applied Phycology 6: 545-550.
18	Kapraun DF, Gargiulo GM. Tripodi G. 1988. Nuclear DNA and karyotype variationin species of Codium (Codiales, Chlorophyta) from the North Atlantic. Phycologia27: 273-282.
19	Kapraun DF, Hinson TK, Lemus AJ. 1991. Karyology and cytophotometric estimationof interspecific and intraspecific nuclear DNA variation in four species ofPorphyra (Rhodophyta). Phycologia 30: 458-466.
20	Kapraun DF, Lopez-Bautista J, Trono G, Bird KT. 1996. Quantification andcharacterization of nuclear genomes in commercial red seaweeds (Gracilariales)from the Philippines. Journal of Applied Phycology 8: 125-130.
21	Kapraun DF, Nguyen MN. 1994. Karyology, nuclear DNA quantification and nucleus-cytoplasmic domain variations in some multinucleate green algae(Siphonocladales, Chlorophyta). Phycologia 33: 42-52.
22	Kapraun DF, Shipley MJ. 1990. Karyology and nuclear DNA quantification inBryopsis (Chlorophyta) from North Carolina, USA. Phycologia 29: 443-453.
23	Kapraun DF. 2005. Nuclear DNA content estimates in multicellular eukaryoticgreen, red and brown algae: phylogenetic considerations. Annals of Botany 95: 7-44
24	Kapraun DF. 1994. Cytophotometric estimation of nuclear DNA contents in thirteenspecies of the Caulerpales (Chlorophyta). Crytogamic Botany 4: 410-418
25	Kapraun DF, Lopez-Bautista J. 1996. Karyology, nuclear genome quantificationand characterization of the carrageenophytes Eucheuma and Kappaphycus(Gigartinales). Journal of Applied Phycology 8: 465-471.
26	Kapraun DF. 1993. Karyology and cytophotometric estimation of nuclear DNAcontent variation in Gracilaria, Gracilariopsis and Hydropuntia (Gracilariales,Rhodophyta). European Journal of Phycology 28: 253-260.
27	Kapraun DF. 1993. Karyology and cytophotometric estimation of nuclear DNAvariation in several species of Polysiphonia (Rhodophyta, Ceramiales). BotanicaMarina 36: 507-516.
28	Kooistra WHCF, Boelebos SA, Stam WT, Vandenhoek C. 1992. Biogeography ofCladophoropsis membranacea (Siphonocladales, Chlorophyta) as revealed by singlecopy DNA distances. Botanica Marina 35: 329-336.
29	Le Gall Y, Brown S, Marie D, Mejjad M, Kloareg B. 1993. Quantification ofnuclear DNA and G-C content in marine macroalgae by flow cytometry of isolatednuclei. Protoplasma 173: 123-132.
30	Lopez-Bautista J, Kapraun DF. 1995. Agar analysis, nuclear genome quantificationand characterization of four agarophytes (Gracilaria) from the Mexican GulfCoast. Journal of Applied Phycology 7: 351-357.
31	Lopez-Bautista J, Kapraun DF, Waters DA, Chapman RL. 2000. Nuclear DNAquantification and the life cycle in Cephaleuros parasiticus (TrentepohlialesChlorophyta). American Journal of Botany (supplement 6) 87: 248.
32	Maszewski J, Kolodziejczyk P. 1991. Cell cycle duration in antheridialfilaments of Chara spp. (Characeae) with different genome size andheterochromatin content. Plant Systematics and Evolution 175: 23-38.
33	Matsuzaki M. et al. 2004. Genome sequence of the ultrasmall unicellular redalga Cyanidioschyzon merolae 10D. Nature 428: 653-657.
34	Muravenko OV, Selyakh IO, Kononenko NV, Stadnichuk IN. 2001. Chromosomenumbers and nuclear DNA contents in the red microalgae Cyanidium caldarium andthree Galdieria species. European Journal of Phycology 36: 227-232.
35	Olsen JL, Stam WT, Bot PVM, Vandenhoek C. 1987. ScDNA-DNA hybridizationstudies in Pacific and Caribbean isolates of Dictyosphaeria cavernosa(Chlorophyta) indicate a long divergence. Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen 41:377-383.
36	Singh SJ. 1988. Banaras Hindu University
37	Stam WT, Bot PVM, Boelebos SA, Vanrooij JM, Vandenhoek C. 1988. Single-copyDNA-DNA hybridizations among five species of Laminaria (Phaeophycaea) -phylogenetic and biogeographic implications. Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen42: 251-267.

Angiosperms

Ref. No.	Reference
1	Bennett MD. 1972. Nuclear DNA content and minimum generation time in herbaceousplants. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences181: 109-135.
2	Bennett MD, Smith JB. 1976. Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. PhilosophicalTransactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences 274:227-274.
3	Furuta Y. 1970. DNA content per nucleus in Aegilops species. Wheat InformationService 30: 20-22.
4	Rees H, Walters MR. 1965. Nuclear DNA and the evolution of wheat. Heredity 20:73-82.
5	Jones RN, Rees H. 1968. Nuclear DNA variation in Allium. Heredity 23: 591-605.
6	Van't Hof J. 1965. Relationships between mitotic cycle duration S periodduration and average rate of DNA synthesis in root meristem cells of severalplants. Experimental Cell Research 39: 48-58.
7	Evans GM, Rees H, Snell CL, Sun S. 1972. The relationship between nuclear DNAamount and the duration of the mitotic cycle. Chromosomes Today 3: 24-31.
8	Rothfels K, Sexsmith E, Heimburg.M, Krause MO. 1966. Chromosome size and DNAcontent of species of Anemone L and related genera (Ranunculaceae). Chromosoma20: 54-74.
9	Sparrow AH, Miksche, JP. 1961. Correlation of nuclear volume and DNA contentwith higher plant tolerance to chronic radiation. Science 134: 282-283.
10	Baetcke KP, Sparrow AH, Nauman CH, Schwemme SS. 1967. The relationship of DNAcontent to nuclear and chromosome volumes and to radiosensitivity (LD50).Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America58: 533-540.
11	Rasch E, Woodard JW. 1959. Basic proteins of plant nuclei during normal andpathological cell growth. Journal of Biophysical and Biochemical Cytology 6: 263-276.
12	Van't Hof J, Sparrow AH. 1963. A relationship between DNA content, nuclearvolume, and minimum mitotic cycle time. Proceedings of the National Academy ofSciences of the United States of America 49: 897-902.
13	McLeish J, LaCour. (pers. comm.)
14	McLeish J, Sunderland N. 1961. Measurements of deoxyribosenucleic acid (DNA) inhigher plants by Feulgen photometry and chemical methods. Experimental CellResearch 24: 527-540.
15	Rees H, Hazarika MH. 1969. Chromosome evolution in Lathyrus. Chromosomes Today2: 158-165.
16	Ruch F, Rosselet A. 1970. A cytochemical study of euchromatin andheterochromatin in roots of Rhoeo discolor. Experimental Cell Research 62: 219-227.
17	Rees H, Jones GH. 1967. Chromosome evolution in Lolium. Heredity 22: 1-18.
18	Paroda RS, Rees H. 1971. Nuclear DNA Variation in Eu-Sorghums. Chromosoma 32:353-363.
19	Martin PG, Shanks R. 1966. Does Vicia faba have multi-stranded chromosomes.Nature 211: 650-651.
20	Rees H, Cameron FM, Hazarika MH, Jones GH. 1966. Nuclear variation betweendiploid angiosperms. Nature 211: 828-830.
21	Chooi WY. 1971. Variation in nuclear DNA content in genus Vicia. Genetics 68:195-211.
22	Ingle J, Sinclair J. 1972. Ribosomal RNA genes and plant development. Nature235: 30-32.
23	Martin PG. 1966. Variation in amounts of nucleic acids in cells of differentspecies of higher plants. Experimental Cell Research 44: 84-&.
24	Sunderland N, McLeish J. 1961. Nucleic Acid Content and Concentration in RootCells of Higher Plants. Experimental Cell Research 24: 541-554.
25	Owens S. 1974. An examination of the floral biology, breeding system andcytology in species of the genus Daucus and related genera in the tribeCaucealidea (Umbelliferae). Ph. D.University of Reading.
26	Kadir ZBA. 1974. DNA values in genus Phalaris (Gramineae). Chromosoma 45: 379-386.
27	Verma SC, Rees H. 1974. Nuclear DNA and evolution of allotetraploid Brassicae.Heredity 33: 61-68.
28	Ayonoadu UW. 1974. Nuclear DNA variation in Phaseolus. Chromosoma 48: 41-49.
29	Wallace H, Sparkes CA, Maden M. 1972. Nuclear DNA content of three Crepisspecies. Heredity 29: 367-373.
30	Price HJ, Sparrow AH, Levis RW, Coggins LW. 1972. High DNA content ofSprekelia formosissima Herbert (Amaryllidaceae) and Ophioglossum petiolatum Hook(Ophioglossaceae). Experimental Cell Research 73: 187-191.
31	Barlow P. (pers. comm. 1974).
32	Nagl W, Ehrendorfer F. 1974. DNA content, heterochromatin, mitotic index, andgrowth in perennial and annual Anthemidea (Asteraceae). Plant Systematics andEvolution 123: 35-54.
33	Narayan RKJ, Rees H. 1974. Nuclear DNA, heterochromatin and phylogeny ofNicotiana amphidiploids. Chromosoma 47: 75-83.
34	Bullen MR, Rees H. 1972. Nuclear variation within Avenae. Chromosoma 39: 93-100.
35	Iiyama K, Grant WF. 1972. A correlation of nuclear DNA content and thin-layerchromatographic patterns in resolving genome relationships in Avena. CanadianJournal of Botany 50: 1529-1545.
36	Barlow PW, Nevin D. 1976. Quantitative karyology of some species of Luzula.Plant Systematics and Evolution 125: 77-86.
37	Barlow PW. 1975. Polytene nucleus of giant hair cell of Bryonia anthers.Protoplasma 83: 339-349.
38	Cheng RIJ, Grant WF. 1973. Species relationships in the Lotus corniculatus groupas determined by karyotype and cytophotometric analyses. Canadian Journal ofGenetics and Cytology 15: 101-115.
39	Rothfels K, Heimburg M. 1968. Chromosome size and DNA values in sundews(Droseraceae). Chromosoma 25: 96-103.
40	Southern DI. 1967. Species relationships in genus Tulipa. Chromosoma 23: 80-94.
41	Murray BG. 1975. The cytology of the genus Briza L (Gramineae) . 1. Chromosomenumbers, karyotypes and nuclear DNA variation. Chromosoma 49: 299-308.
42	Brown L, Jones N (pers. comm. 1975)
43	Capesius I, Bierweiler B, Bachmann K, Rucker W, Nagl W. 1975. A + T-richsatellite DNA in a monocotyledonous plant, Cymbidium. Biochimica et BiophysicaActa 395: 67-73.
44	Goepfert D. 1974. Karyotypes and DNA content in species of Ranunculus L. andrelated genera. Botaniska Notiser 127: 464-489.
45	Smith JB, Bennett MD. 1975. DNA variation in the genus Ranunculus. Heredity 35:231-239.
46	Owens S. (pers. comm. 1975).
47	Price HJ, Bachmann K. 1975. DNA content and evolution in the Microseridinae.American Journal of Botany 62: 262-267.
48	Bachmann K, Price HJ, Bierweiler B. (pers. comm. 1975).
49	Kaltsikes PJ. 1971. The mitotic cycle in an amphiploid (Triticale) and itsparental species. Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 13: 656-662.
50	Bennett MD, Smith JB. 1971. The 4C nuclear DNA content of several Hordeumgenotypes. Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 13: 607-611.
51	Borsos OS. 1973. Cytophotometric studies on the DNA content of diploid Lotusspecies. Acta Botanica Hungarica 18: 49-58.
52	Guervin C, Le Coq C, Laroche J. 1975. Etude de la garniture chromosomatique etdes quantites d'ADN nucleaire: Application a l'evolution du genre Callisia(Commelinaceae). Caryologia 28: 45-56.
53	Maher EP, Fox DP. 1973. Multiplicity of ribosomal RNA genes in Vicia specieswith different nuclear DNA contents. Nature-New Biology 245: 170-172.
54	Lyndon RF. 1963. Changes in the nucleus during cellular development in the peaseedling. Journal of Experimental Botany 14: 419-430.
55	Bennett MD, Smith JB, Heslop-Harrison JS. 1982. Nuclear DNA amounts inangiosperms. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-BiologicalSciences 216: 179-199.
56	Brouland M, Guervin C, Le Coq C. 1976. Etude cytologique qualitative etquantitative de la reproduction chez le Delphinum ajacis L. Revue CytologiqueBiologie vegetale 39: 121-138.
57	Thompson WF. (pers. comm. 1978).
58	Barlow P. (pers. comm. 1981).
59	Greilhuber J. 1977. Nuclear DNA and heterochromatin contents in Scillahohenackeri group, S. persica, and Puschkinia scilloides (Liliaceae). PlantSystematics and Evolution 128: 243-257.
60	Nagl W, Capesius I. 1977. Repetitive DNA and heterochomatin as factors ofkaryotype evolution on phylogeny and ontogeny of orchids. Chromosomes Today 6:141-152.
61	Nagl W, Habermann T, Fusenig HP. 1977. Nuclear DNA contents four primitiveangiosperms. Plant Systematics and Evolution 127: 103-105.
62	Maggini F, De Dominicis RI. 1977. Ribosomal RNA gene number and length ofnucleolar secondary constrictions in Bellevalia romana and B. dubia (Liliaceae).Caryologia 30: 97-103.
63	Murin A. 1976. Polyploidy and mitotic cycle. Nucleus 19: 192-195.
64	Conger AD. (pers. comm. 1977).
65	Gupta PK. 1976. Nuclear DNA, nuclear area and nuclear dry mass in 13 species ofCrotalaria (Angiospermae, Leguminosae). Chromosoma 54: 155-164.
66	Nagl W, Capesius I. 1976. Molecular and cytological characteristics of nuclearDNA and chromatin for angiosperm systematics - Basic data for Helianthus annuus(Asteraceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 126: 221-237.
67	Flamm WG, Birnstiel ML. 1964. The nuclear synthesis of ribosomes in cellcultures. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 87: 101-110.
68	Stockli B, Brandle R, Erismann KH. 1975. Effects of low SO2 concentrations onmitotic-activity and on cell-cycle of duckweed (Lemna minor L.). Experientia 31:795-796.
69	Ingle J, Timmis JN, Sinclair J. 1975. Relationship between satellitedeoxyribonucleic acid, ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene redundancy, and genomesize in plants. Plant Physiology 55: 496-501.
70	Price HJ, Bachmann K. 1976. Mitotic cycle time and DNA content in annual andperennial Microseridinae (Compositae, Cichoriaceae). Plant Systematics andEvolution 126: 323-330.
71	Doerschug EB, Miksche JP, Stern H. 1976. DNA variation and ribosomal DNAconstancy in two Crepis species and interspecific hybrid exhibiting nucleolarorganiser suppression. Heredity 37: 441-450.
72	Seal AG. (pers. comm. 1979).
73	Albers F. 1980. Comparative karyology of the grass subtribes Aristaveninae andAirinae (Poaceae - Aveneae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 136: 137-167.
74	Miller MB, Lyndon RF. 1977. Changes in RNA levels in shoot apex of Silene duringtransition to flowering. Planta 136: 167-172.
75	Johnson DL. 1975 Thesis cited by Van't Hof, J. In The duration of chromosomalDNA synthesis of the mitotic cycle, and meiosis of higher plants. Handbook ofGenetics, vol. 2 (ed. R.C. King), pp. 363-377. New York: Plenum Press.
76	Gould AR, Bayliss MW, Street HE. 1974. Studies on growth in culture of plantcells .17. Analysis of cell cycle of asynchronously dividing Acer pseudoplatanuscells in suspension culture. Journal of Experimental Botany 25: 468-478.
77	Narayan RKI. (pers. comm. 1978).
78	Capesius I. 1976. Isolation and characterization of native AT-rich satellite DNAfrom nuclei of the orchid Cymbidium. FEBS Letters 68: 255-258.
79	Schaefer VG, Miksche JP. 1977. Microspectrophotometric determination of DNA percell and polyploidy in Fraxinus americana L. Silvae Genetica 26: 184-192.
80	Bosen H, Nagl W. 1978. Short duration of mitotic and endomitotic cell cycle inheterochromatin-rich monocot Allium carinatum. Cell Biology InternationalReports 2: 565-571.
81	Nagl W, Fusenig HP. 1979. Types of chromatin organization in plant nuclei. PlantSystematics and Evolution Suppl. 2: 221-233.
82	Schaffner KH, Nagl W. 1979. Differential DNA replication involved in transitionfrom juvenile to adult phase in Hedera helix (Araliaceae). Plant Systematics andEvolution Suppl. 2: 105-110.
83	Kessler B, Reches S. 1977. Structural and functional changes in chromosomal DNAduring aging and phase change in plants. Chromosomes Today 6: 237-246.
84	Nagl W. (pers. comm. date).
85	Nagl W. 1976. Early embryogenesis in Tropaeolum majus L. - Evolution of DNAcontent and polyteny in the suspensor. Plant Science Letters 7: 1-6.
86	Nagl W, Frisch B, Frolich E. 1979. Extra DNA during floral induction. PlantSystematics and Evolution Suppl. 2: 111-118.
87	Doerschug EB, Miksche JP, Palmer RG. 1978. DNA content, ribosomal RNA genenumber, and protein content in soybeans. Canadian Journal of Genetics andCytology 20: 531-538.
88	Lack HW, Sack G, Bachmann K. 1978. The genome of Dendroseris litoralis, andarboreal insular endemic of the tribe Lactucaeae (Asteraceae). Beitr. Biol. Pfl.54: 425-441.
89	Greilhuber J. 1979. Evolutionary changes of DNA and heterochromatin amounts inthe Scilla bifolia group (Liliaceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution Suppl. 2:263-280.
90	Greilhuber J. 1978. DNA contents, Giemsa banding, and systematics in Scillabifolia, S. drunensis, and S. vindobonensis (Liliaceae). Plant Systematics andEvolution 130: 223-233.
91	Kadir ZBA. 1976. DNA evolution in the genus Gossypium. Chromosoma 56: 85-94.
92	Edwards GA, Endrizzi JE, Stein R. 1974. Genome DNA content and chromosomeorganization in Gossypium. Chromosoma 47: 309-326.
93	Furuta Y. 1975. Quantitative variation of nuclear DNA in the genus Aegilops.Japanese Journal of Genetics 50: 383-392.
94	Stucky J, Jackson RC. 1975. DNA content of seven species of Astereae and itssignificance to theories of chromosome evolution in the Tribe. American Journalof Botany 62: 509-518.
95	Iyengar GAS, Sen SK. 1978. Nuclear DNA content of several wild and cultivatedOryza species. Environmental and Experimental Botany 18: 219-224.
96	Rolinson AE. 1976. Rates of cell-division in the vegetative shoot apex of rice(Oryza sativa L.). Annals of Botany 40: 939-945.
97	Siegel A, Lightfoot D, Ward OG, Keener S. 1973. DNA complementary to ribosomalRNA: a relation between genomic proportion and ploidy. Science 179: 682-683.
98	Geber G, Hasibeder G. 1980. Cytophotometric estimation of DNA contents -comparison of a new DAPI fluorescence method with Feulgen absorbance photometry.Microscopica Acta Suppl. 4: 31-35.
99	Bachmann K, Chambers KL, Price HJ. 1979. Genome size and phenotypic evolutionin Microseris (Asteraceae, Cichorieae). Plant Systematics and Evolution Suppl.2: 41-41.
100	Greilhuber J. 1979. C-band distribution, DNA content and base composition inAdoxa moschatellina (Adoxaceae), a plant with cold sensitive chromosomesegments. Plant Systematics and Evolution 131: 243-259.
101	Davies POL, Rees H. 1975. Mitotic cycles in Triticum species. Heredity 35: 337-345.
102	Hutchinson J, Rees H, Seal AG. 1979. Assay of the activity of supplementary DNAin Lolium. Heredity 43: 411-421.
103	Essad S, Vallade J, Cornu A. 1975. Interphase variations in nucleus volume andDNA content of Petunia hybrida zygote - Metabolic consequences. Caryologia 28:207-224.
104	Greilhuber J, Deumling B, Speta F. 1981. Evolutionary aspects of chromosomebanding, heterochromatin, satellite DNA, and genome size in Scilla (Liliaceae).Berichte Der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft 94: 249-266.
105	Bennett MD, Smith JB, Lewis Smith RI. 1982. DNA amounts of angiosperms from theAntarctic and South Georgia. Environmental and Experimental Botany 22: 307-318.
106	Hutchinson J, Narayan RKJ, Rees H. 1980. Constraints upon the composition ofsupplementary DNA. Chromosoma 78: 137-145.
107	Greilhuber J. (pers. comm. 1982).
108	Bennett MD, Smith JB. 1991. Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. PhilosophicalTransactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences 334:309-345.
109	Martin NJ. 1983. Nuclear DNA varition in the Australasian Loranthaceae. InBiology of mistletoes (ed. M Calder & P. Berhnhardt), pp. 277-293, Sydney:Academic Press.
110	Grime JP, Mowforth MA. 1982. Variation in genome size - an ecologicalinterpretation. Nature 299: 151-153.
111	Marchi P, Illuminati O, Macioce A, Capineri R, Damato G. 1983. Genomeevolution and polyploidy in Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. aggr (Compositae) -Karyotype analysis and DNA microdensitometry. Caryologia 36: 1-18.
112	Raina SN, Rees H. 1983. DNA variation between and within chromosome complementsof Vicia species. Heredity 51: 335-346.
113	Narayan RKJ. 1982. Discontinuous DNA variation in the evolution of plantspecies - the genus Lathyrus. Evolution 36: 877-891.
114	Lawrence ME. 1985. Senecio L. (Asteraceae) in Australia - Nuclear DNA amounts.Australian Journal of Botany 33: 221-232.
115	Resslar PM, Stucky JM, Miksche JP. 1981. Cytophotometric determination of theamount of DNA in Arachis L. sect. Arachis (Leguminosae). American Journal ofBotany 68: 149-153.
116	Sims LE, Price HJ. 1985. Nuclear DNA content variation in Helianthus(Asteraceae). American Journal of Botany 72: 1213-1219.
117	Schifino MT, Winge H. 1985. Karyoptypes and nuclear DNA content of species ofthe Briza complex and some other genera of Poeae (Gramineae). Review ofBrazilian Genetics 6: 245-259.
118	Le Coq C, Guervin C, Hamel J-L, Jolinson D. 1978 La quantite d'ADN nucleaireet la garniture chromosomique chez quelques ombelliferes: Application a l'etudede leur evolution. Actes du 2e Symposium International sur les Ombelliferes.'Contributions pluridisciplinairesa la systematique'. Perpignan, pp. 281-291.
119	Jones K, Kenton A. 1984 Mechanisms of chromosome change in the evolution of thetribe Tradescantieae (Commelinaceae). In: Chromosomes in evolution ofeukaryotic groups (ed. A. Sharma & A.K. Sharma), pp. 143-168. Boca Raton,Florida: CRC. Press.
120	Martinez AJ. 1978. Chromosome relationships in the Tradescantia crassifoliaalliance. Ph.D. thesis, University of Reading, U.K.
121	Kenton A. (pers. comm. 1984).
122	Grif VG, Valovich EM, Lebedeva NV. 1980. Parameters of the mitotic cycle in twospecies of Trillium L. Tsitologiya 22: 1331-1338.
123	Barlow PW, Rathfelder EL. 1984. Correlations between the dimensions of differentzones of grass root apices, and their implications for morphogenesis anddifferentiation in roots. Annals of Botany 53: 249-260.
124	Anderson LK, Stack SM, Fox MH, Zhang CS. 1985. The relationship between genomesize and synaptonemal complex length in higher plants. Experimental CellResearch 156: 367-378.
125	Dhillon SS, Rake AV, Miksche JP. 1980. Reassociation kinetics andcytophotometric characterization of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) DNA. PlantPhysiology 65: 1121-1127.
126	Kuriyan N. 1984. (Unpublished values communicated by R.K. Narayan).
127	Ramachandran C, Narayan RKJ. 1985. Chromosomal DNA variation in Cucumis.Theoretical and Applied Genetics 69: 497-502.
128	Watson EM. (pers. comm. 1981).
129	Armstrong SW, Kidd AD, Francis D, Jones LH, Smith G. (pers. comm. 1984).
130	Barlow P. (pers. comm. 1981).
131	Jones L, Barfield D, Barrett J, Flook A, Pollock K, Robinson P. 1982.Cytology of oil palm cultures and regenerant plants. Proceedings of the 5thInternational Congress of Plant Tissue and Cell Culture. 727-728.
132	Laurie DA, Bennett MD. 1985. Nuclear DNA content in the genera Zea and Sorghum -Intergeneric, interspecific and intraspecific variation. Heredity 55: 307-313.
133	Grime JP, Shacklock JML, Band SR. 1985. Nuclear DNA contents, shoot phenologyand species co-existence in a limestone grassland community. New Phytologist100: 435-445.
134	Ohri D, Khoshoo TN. 1982. Cytogenetics of cultivated Bougainvilleas .10. NuclearDNA content. Zeitschrift Fur Pflanzenzuchtung 88: 168-173.
135	Black CL, Beckmann RL. 1983. The variability of nuclear DNA and its implicationsfor polyploidy in White Ash (Fraxinus americana L, Oleaceae). American Journalof Botany 70: 1420-1423.
136	Hake S, Walbot V. 1980. The genome of Zea mays, its organization and homology torelated grasses. Chromosoma 79: 251-270.
137	Goldblatt P, Walbot V, Zimmer EA. 1984. Estimation of genome size (C-value) inIridaceae by cytophotometry. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 71: 176-180.
138	Nagato Y, Yamamoto K, Yamashita H. 1981. Variation of DNA content in Asianrice. Japanese Journal of Genetics 56: 483-493.
139	Armstrong SW, Kidd AD, Francis D. (pers. comm. 1984).
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149	Yamamoto K, Nagato Y. 1984. Variation of DNA content in the genus Glycine.Japanese Journal of Breeding 34: 163-170.
150	Belford HS, Thompson WF. 1981. Single copy DNA homologies in Atriplex. 1. Cross-reactivity estimates and the role of deletions in genome evolution. Heredity 46:91-108.
151	Walbot V, Dure LS. 1976. Developmental biochemistry of cotton seed embryogenesisand germination. VII . Characterization of the cotton genome. Journal ofMolecular Biology 101: 503-536.
152	Narayan RKJ, Rees H. 1976. Nuclear DNA variation in Lathyrus. Chromosoma 54: 141-154.
153	Kenton A. 1984. Chromosome evolution in the Gibasis linearis group(Commelinaceae). III. DNA variation, chromosome evolution, and speciation inGibasis venustula and Gibasis heterophylla. Chromosoma 90: 303-310.
154	Band SR. (pers. comm. 1984).
155	Olszewska MJ, Osiecka R. 1982. The relationship between 2C DNA content, life-cycle type, systematic position, and the level of DNA endoreplication in nucleiof parenchyma cells during growth and differentiation of roots in somemonocotyledonous species. Biochemie Und Physiologie Der Pflanzen 177: 319-336.
156	Olszewska MJ, Osiecka R. 1983. The relationship between 2C DNA content, life-cycle type, systematic position and the dynamics of DNA endoreplication inparenchyma nuclei during growth and differentiation of roots in somedicotyledonous-herbaceous species. Biochemie Und Physiologie Der Pflanzen 178:581-599.
157	Olszewska MJ, Osiecka R. 1984. The relationship between 2C DNA content,systematic position, and the level of nuclear DNA endoreplication duringdifferentiation of root parenchyma in some dicotyledonous shrubs and trees -comparison with herbaceous species. Biochemie Und Physiologie Der Pflanzen 179:641-657.
158	Mowforth MAG. 1986. Variation in nuclear DNA amounts in flowering plants: anecological analysis. Ph. D. University of Sheffield.
159	Ogur M, Erickson RO, Rosen GU, Sax KB, Holden C. 1951. Nucleic acids inrelation to cell division in Lilium longiflorum. Experimental Cell Research 2:73-89.
160	Rayburn AL, Price HJ, Smith JD, Gold JR. 1985. C-Band heterochromatin and DNAcontent in Zea mays. American Journal of Botany 72: 1610-1617.
161	Chauhan KPS, Brandham PE. 1985. Chromosome and DNA variation in Amorphophallus(Araceae). Kew Bulletin 40: 745-758.
162	Leutwiler LS, Hough-Evans BR, Meyerowitz EM. 1984. The DNA of Arabidopsisthaliana. Molecular & General Genetics 194: 15-23.
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168	White J, Rees H. 1985. The chromosome cytology of a somatic hybrid petunia.Heredity 55: 53-59.
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170	Mukherjee S, Sharma AK. 1986. In situ nuclear DNA quantitation in organs ofdifferent strains of Cicer arietinum L. Cytobios 48: 151-156.
171	Stewart DA, Barlow BA. 1976. Genomic differentiation and polyploidy in Sowerbaea(Liliaceae). Australian Journal of Botany 24: 349-367.
172	De Azkue D, Martínez A. 1988. DNA content and chromosome evolution in theshrubby Oxalis. Genome 30: 52-57.
173	Badr A, Labani R, Elkington TT. 1987. Nuclear DNA variation in relation tocytological features of some species in the genus Plantago L. Cytologia 52: 733-737.
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175	Kiehn M. 1986. Karyosystematische Untersuchungen und DNA-Messungen an Rubiaceaeund ihre Bedeutung für die Systematik dieser Familie. Ph. D. Thesis. Universität Wien.
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179	White J, Rees H. 1987. Chromosome weights and measures in Petunia. Heredity 58:139-143.
180	Samuel R, Smith JB, Bennett MD. 1986. Nuclear DNA variation in Piper(Piperaceae). Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 28: 1041-1043.
181	Martínez A, Ginzo HD. 1985. DNA content in Tradescantia. Canadian Journal ofGenetics and Cytology 27: 766-775.
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183	Raina SN, Srivastav PK, Rama Rao S. 1986. Nuclear DNA variation in Tephrosia.Genetica 69: 27-33.
184	Vosa CG. 1986. Chromosome studies in the genus Gethyllis (Amaryllidaceae).Caryologia 39: 251-257.
185	Ohri D, Kumar A. 1986. Nuclear DNA amounts in some tropical hardwoods.Caryologia 39: 303-307.
186	Ohri D, Kumar A, Pal M. 1986. Correlations between 2C DNA values and habit inCassia (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 153: 223-227.
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189	Raina SN, Bisht MS. 1988. DNA amounts and chromatin compactness in Vicia.Genetica 77: 65-77.
190	Maxted N, Callimassia MA, Bennett MD. 1991. Cytotaxonomic studies of EasternMediterranean Vicia species (Leguminosae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 177:221-234.
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195	Poggio L, Burghardt AD, Hunziker JH. 1989. Nuclear DNA variation in diploid andpolyploid taxa of Larrea (Zygophyllaceae). Heredity 63: 321-328.
196	D'Ovidio R, Marchi P. 1990. DNA content, karyotype structure analysis andkaryotype symmetry in Ranunculus L. (Ranunculaceae). Italian species belongingto sections Flammula (Webb) Benson and Micranthus (Ovcz.) Nyarady. Caryologia43: 99-115.
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201	Poggio L, Hunziker JH, Wulff AF. 1992. Cariotipo y contenido de ADN nuclear dePintoa chilensis y Sisyndite spartea (Zygophyllaceae). Darwiniana 31: 11-15.
202	Greilhuber J, Speta F. 1989. A Giemsa C-banding and DNA content study in Scillacilicica and S. morrisii, two little known sibling species of the S. sibericaalliance (Hyacinthaceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 165: 71-83.
203	Greilhuber J. 1988. "Self-tanning" - a new and important source ofstoichiometric error in cytophotometric determination of nuclear DNA content inplants. Plant Systematics and Evolution 158: 87-96.
204	Murray BG. 1984. The structure, meiotic behaviour and effects of B chromosomesin Briza humilis Bieb. (Gramineae). Genetica 63: 213-219.
205	González-Aguilera JJ, Ludeńa Reyes P, Fernández-Peralta AM. 1990. Intra- andinterspecific variations in nuclear parameters of two closely related species ofNarcissus L. Genetica 82: 25-31.
206	Chattopadhyay D, Sharma AK. 1990. Chromosome studies and estimation of nuclearDNA in different varieties of Cuminum cyminum L. and Carum copticum Benth. andHook. Cytologia 55: 631-637.
207	Murray BG, Cameron EK, Standring LS. 1992. Chromosome numbers, karyotypes, andnuclear DNA variation in Pratia Gaudin (Lobeliaceae). New Zealand Journal ofBotany 30: 181-187.
208	Pringle GJ, Murray BG. 1991. Karyotype diversity and nuclear DNA variation inCyphomandra. In: Hawkes JG, Lester RN, Nee M, Estrada N, eds. Solanaceae III:Taxonomy, Chemistry, Evolution. London: The Royal Botanic Gardens Kew for TheLinnean Society of London, 247-252.
209	Ohri D, Nazeer MA, Pal M. 1981. Cytophotometric estimation of nuclear DNA insome ornamentals. Nucleus 24: 39-42.
210	Ohri D, Pal M. 1991. The origin of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.): karyotype andnuclear DNA amount. Heredity 66: 367-372.
211	Murray BG, Hammett KRW, Standring LS. 1992. Genomic constancy during thedevelopment of Lathyrus odoratus cultivars. Heredity 68: 321-327.
212	Hiremath SC, Murthy HN, Salimath SS. 1992. Quantitative nuclear DNA differencesassociated with genome evolution in Guizotia (Compositae). Genetica 85: 241-247.
213	Bailey JP, Stace CA. 1992. Chromosome number, morphology, pairing, and DNAvalues of species and hybrids in the genus Fallopia (Polygonaceae). PlantSystematics and Evolution 180: 29-52.
214	Chattopadhyay D, Sharma AK. 1991. Chromosome studies and nuclear DNA in relationto sex difference and plant habit in two species of Cucurbitaceae. Cytologia 56:409-417.
215	Styles BT, Bennett ST. 1992. Notes on the morphology, chemistry, ecology,conservation status and cytology of Schmardaea microphylla (Meliaceae).Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 108: 359-373.
216	Das AB, Mallick R. 1989. Variation in 4C DNA content and chromosomecharacteristics in different varieties of Coriandrum sativum L. Cytologia 54:609-616.
217	Das AB. 1991. Genome analysis and variation of 4C DNA content in the subtribeCarinae. Cytologia 56: 627-632.
218	Hiremath SC, Salimath SS. 1991. Quantitative nuclear DNA changes in Eleucine(Gramineae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 178: 225-233.
219	Chakravarty B, Sen S. 1992. Chromosomes and nuclear DNA in regenerants of Scillaindica (Roxb.) Baker derived from two explant sources. Cytologia 57: 41-46.
220	Ignacimuthu S, Babu CR. 1988. Nuclear DNA and RNA amounts in the wild andcultivated Urd and Mung beans and their M1 plants. Cytologia 53: 535-541.
221	Finch RA, Osborne JF. 1990. Chromosome numbers and DNA amounts in Agavevariants. East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal 55: 213-218.
222	Banerjee S, Sharma AK. 1987. Cytophotometric estimation of nuclear DNA indifferent species and varieties of Agave. Cytologia 52: 85-90.
223	Fernandez A, Davińa, JR. 1991. Heterochromatin and genome size in Fortunatia andCamassia (Hyacinthaceae). Kew Bulletin 46: 307-316.
224	Samad MA, Kabir G, Islam, AS. 1992. Interphase nuclear structure andheterochromatin in two species of Corchorus and their F1 hybrid. Cytologia 57:21-25.
225	Sen J, Mukherjee S, Sharma, AK. 1990. Study of chromosomes, DNA amount, and invitro growth in different species of Luzula. Genome 33: 143-147.
226	Ceccarelli M, Falistocco E, Cionini PG. 1992. Variation of genome size andorganization within hexaploid Festuca arundinacea. Theoretical and AppliedGenetics 83: 273-278.
227	Arumuganathan K, Earle ED. 1991. Nuclear DNA content of some important plantspecies. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter 9: 208-218.
228	Arumuganathan K, Earle ED. 1991. Estimation of nuclear DNA content of plants byflow cytometry. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter 9: 229-233.
229	Michaelson MJ, Price HJ, Ellison JR, Johnston JS. 1991. Comparison of plant DNAcontents determined by feulgen microspectrophotometry and laser flow cytometry.American Journal of Botany 78: 183-188.
230	Dolezel J, Sgorbati S, Lucretti S. 1992. Comparison of three DNA fluorochromesfor flow cytometric estimation of nuclear DNA content in plants. PhysiologiaPlantarum 85: 625-631.
231	Vagera J, Pauliková D, Dolezel J. 1994. The development of male and femaleregenerants by in vitro androgenesis in dioecious plant Melandrium album. Annalsof Botany 73: 455-459.
232	Dolezel J, Dolezelová M, Novák FJ. 1994. Flow cytometric estimation of nuclearDNA amount in diploid bananas (Musa acuminata and M. balbisiana). BiologiaPlantarum 36: 351-357.
233	Biradar DP, Rayburn AL. 1993. Heterosis and nuclear DNA content in maize.Heredity 71: 300-304.
234	Tito CM, Poggio L, Naranjo CA. 1991. Cytogenetic studies in the genus Zea 3. DNAcontent and heterochromatin in species and hybrids. Theoretical and AppliedGenetics 83: 58-64.
235	Michaelson MJ, Price HJ, Johnston JS, Ellison JR. 1991. Variation of nuclear DNAcontent in Helianthus annuus (Asteraceae). American Journal of Botany 78: 1238-1243.
236	Bahl JR, Srivastava HK. 1987. Nuclear DNA variations in Withania somnifera Dun.and Cassia angustifolia Vahl. Nucleus 30: 99-100.
237	Chattopadhyay D, Sharma AK. 1990. Chromosome studies and microspectrophotometricestimation of nuclear DNA in different strains of Coriandrum sativum L. Cytobios64: 43-51.
238	Das AB, Mallick R. 1989. Variation in karyotype and nuclear DNA content indifferent varieties of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Cytologia 54: 129-134.
239	Figueira A, Janick J, Goldsbrough P. 1992. Genome size and DNA polymorphism inTheobroma cacao. Journal of Amercan Society of Horticultural Science 117: 673-677.
240	Galbraith DW, Harkins KR, Maddox JM, Ayres NM, Sharma DP, Firoozabady E. 1983.Rapid flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle in intact plant tissues.Science 220: 1049-1051.
241	Lavania UC. 1985. Nuclear DNA and karyomorphological studies in Vetiver(Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash.). Cytologia 50: 177-185.
242	Keeler KH, Kwankin B, Barnes PW, Galbraith DW. 1987. Polyploid polymorphism inAndropogon gerardii. Genome 29: 374-379.
243	Ohri D, Khoshoo TN. 1987. Nuclear DNA contents in the genus Ficus (Moraceae).Plant Systematics and Evolution 156: 1-4.
244	Jackson RC, Crane CF, Johnston JS, Ellison JR, Price HJ. 1993. Aneuploidy,structural chromosome changes, and DNA amounts in the annual taxa of theHaplopappus spinulosus complex. Chromosome Research 1: 53-61.
245	Hamon P, Brizard J-P, Zoundjihékpon J, Duperray C, Borgel A. 1992. Étude desindex d'ADN de huit espčces d'ignames (Dioscorea sp.) par cytométrie en flux.Canadian Journal of Botany 70: 996-1000.
246	Taylor MG, Vasil IK. 1987. Analysis of DNA size, content and cell cycle inleaves of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.). Theoretical and AppliedGenetics 74: 681-686.
247	Srivastava S, Lavania UC. 1987. Karyomorphology and DNA amount in relation tochiasma formation in Hyoscyamus L. Nucleus 30: 94-98.
248	Ulrich I, Fritz B, Ulrich W. 1988. Application of DNA fluorochromes for flowcytometric DNA analysis of plant protoplasts. Plant Science 55: 151-158.
249	Nath P, Ohri D, Pal M. 1992. Nuclear DNA content in Celosia (Amaranthaceae).Plant Systematics and Evolution 182: 253-257.
250	Narayan RKJ, Parida A, Vij SP. 1989. DNA variation in Orchidaceae. Nucleus 32:71-75.
251	Ohri D, Jha SS, Kumar S. 1994. Variability in nuclear DNA content withinpigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.). Plant Systematics and Evolution 189: 211-216.
252	Dhillon SS, Miksche JP. 1982. DNA content and heterochromatin variations invarious tissues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea). American Journal of Botany 69: 219-226.
253	Dhillon SS, Miksche JP. 1983. DNA, RNA, protein and heterochromatin changesduring embryo development and germination of soybean (Glycine max L.).Histochemical Journal 15: 21-37.
254	Rayburn AL, Auger JA. 1990. Genome size variation in Zea mays ssp. mays adaptedto different altitudes. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 79: 470-474.
255	Furuta Y, Nishikawa K, Makino T, Sawai Y. 1984. Variation in DNA content of 21individual chromosomes among six subspecies in common wheat. Japanese Journal ofGenetics 59: 83-90.
256	König C, Ebert I, Greilhuber J. 1987. A DNA cytophotometric and chromosomebanding study in Hedera helix (Araliaceae), with reference to differential DNAreplication associated with juvenile-adult phase change. Genome 29: 498-503.
257	Costich DE, Ortiz R, Meagher TR, Bruederle LP, Vorsa N. 1993. Determination ofploidy level and nuclear DNA content in blueberry by flow cytometry. Theoreticaland Applied Genetics 86: 1001-1006.
258	Jacobsen E, Tempelaar MJ, Bijmolt EW. 1983. Ploidy levels in leaf callus andregenerated plants of Solanum tuberosum determined by cytophotometricmeasurements of protoplasts. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 65: 113-118.
259	Hülgenhof E, Weidhase RA, Schlegel R, Tewes A. 1988. Flow cytometricdetermination of DNA content in isolated nuclei of cereals. Genome 30: 565-569.
260	Kenton A, Drakeford A. 1990. Genome size and karyotype evolution in Tradescantiasection Cymbispatha (Commelinaceae). Genome 33: 604-610.
261	Sharma DP, Firoozabady E, Ayres NM. Galbraith DW. 1983. Improvement of antherculture in Nicotiana: Media, cultural conditions and flow cytometricdetermination of ploidy levels. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenphysiologie 111: 441-451.
262	Dickson EE, Arumuganathan K, Kresovich S, Doyle JJ. 1992. Nuclear DNA contentvariation within the Rosaceae. American Journal of Botany 79: 1081-1086.
263	Gomez M, Johnston JS, Ellison JR, Price HJ. 1993. Nuclear 2C DNA content ofGossypium hirsutum L. accessions determined by flow cytometry. BiologischesZentralblatt 112: 351-357.
264	Rayburn AL, Auger JA, Benzinger EA, Hepburn AG. 1989. Detection of intraspecificDNA content variation in Zea mays L. by flow cytometry. Journal of ExperimentalBotany 40: 1179-1183.
265	Furuta Y, Nishikawa K, Yamaguchi S. 1986. Nuclear DNA content in diploid wheatand its relatives in relation to the phylogeny of tetraploid wheat. JapaneseJournal of Genetics 61: 97-105.
266	Pijnacker LP, Schotsman HD. 1988. Nuclear DNA amounts in European Callitrichespecies (Callitrichaceae). Acta Botanica Neerlandica 37: 129-135.
267	Johnson MAT, Kenton AY, Bennett MD, Brandham PE. 1989. Voanioala gerardii hasthe highest known chromosome number in the monocotyledons. Genome 32: 328-333.
268	Kenton A, Dickie JB, Langton DH, Bennett MD. 1990. Nuclear DNA amount andkaryotype symmetry in Cypella and Hesperoxiphion (Tigridieae; Iridaceae).Evolutionary Trends in Plants 4: 59-69.
269-A	Kenton AY, Owens SJ. (pers. comm. 1988).
269-B	Fernandez A, Brandham PE. (pers. comm. 1988).
269-C	Kenton AY. (pers. comm. 1988).
269-D	Baum A, Kenton AY, Bennett MD. (pers. comm. 1989).
269-E	Lewis R, Kenton AY. (pers. comm. 1989).
269-F	Akmal A. (pers. comm.1989).
269-G	Kenton AY, Bennett MD. (pers. comm. 1990).
269-H	Callimassia MA, Bennett MD. (pers. comm. 1992).
269-I	Hanson L, Johnson MAT, Brandham PE. (pers. comm. 1993).
269-J	Bennett ST, Bennett MD. (pers. comm. 1993).
269-K	Mercado-Ruaro P, Kenton AY. (pers. comm. 1993).
270	Unpublished values from the Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
271	Röser M, Johnson MAT, Hanson L. 1997. Nuclear DNA amounts in palms(Arecaceae). Botanica Acta 110: 79-89.
272	Bharathan G, Lambert G, Galbraith DW. 1994. Nuclear DNA content ofmonocotyledons and related taxa. American Journal of Botany 81: 381-386.
273	Lodhi MA, Reisch BI. 1995. Nuclear DNA content of Vitis species, cultivars andother genera of the Vitaceae. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 90: 11-16.
274	Marańón T, Grubb PJ. 1993. Physiological basis and ecological significance ofthe seed size and relative growth rate relationship in Mediterranean annuals.Functional Ecology 7: 591-599.
275	Creber HMC, Davies MS, Francis D, Walker HD. 1994. Variation in DNA C value innatural populations of Dactylis glomerata L. New Phytologist 128: 555-561.
276	Cavallini A, Natali L, Cionini G, Castorena-Sanchez I. 1996. Cytophotometric andbiochemical analyses of DNA in pentaploid and diploid Agave species. Genome 39:266-271.
277	Galasso I, Frediani M, Maggiani M, Cremonini R, Pignone D. 1996. Chromatincharacterization by banding techniques, in situ hybridization, and nuclear DNAcontent in Cicer L. (Leguminosae). Genome 39: 258-265.
278	Palomino G, Romo G, Zárate S. 1995. Chromosome numbers and DNA content in sometaxa of Leucaena (Fabaceae Mimosoideae). Cytologia 60: 31-37.
279	Lakhanpaul S, Babu CR. 1991. Genome size and evolution in asiatic Vigna Savi.In: Symposium on Grain Legumes, New Delhi. pp 47-57.
280	Cerbah M, Couland J, Godelle B, Siljak-Yakovlev S. 1995. Genome size,fluorochrome banding and karyotype evolution in some Hypochoeris species. Genome38: 689-695.
281	Callimassia MA. 1993. PhD Thesis ‘Spatial patterns of chromosome disposition indicotyledonous plant hybrids. University of Reading
282	Bidak L, Brandham PE. 1995. Intraspecific uniformity of chromosome number andnuclear DNA quantity in two egyptian weedy species, Malva parviflora (Malvaceae)and Trigonella stellata (Leguminosae). Kew Bulletin 50: 595-599.
283	Roser M. 1995. Typification of the names of two widespread Eurasian grassspecies: Avena pratensis L. and A. pubescens Huds. (Poaceae: Helitotrichon)Taxon 44: 395-399.
284	Misset MT, Gourret JP. 1996. Flow cytometric analysis of the different ploidylevels observed in the genus Ulex L. Faboideae-Genisteae in Brittany (France).Botanica Acta 109: 72-79.
285	Rayburn AL, Biradar DP, Bullock DG, McMurphy LM. 1993. Nuclear DNA content in F1hybrids of maize. Heredity 70: 294-300.
286	Awoleye F, van Duren M, Dolezel J, Novak FJ. 1994. Nuclear DNA content and invitro induced somatic polyploidization cassava (Mannihot esculenta Crantz)breeding. Euphytica 76: 195-202.
287	Cremonini R, Funari S, Galasso I, Pignone D. 1993. Cytology of Vicia species II.Banding patterns and chromatin organization in Vicia atropurpurea Desf.Heredity 70: 628-633.
288	Ozias-Akins P, Jarret R.L 1994. Nuclear DNA content and ploidy levels in thegenus Ipomoea. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science 119: 110-115.
289	Mukerjee S, Sharma AK. 1993. In situ nuclear DNA content in perennial fast andslow growing acacias from arid zones. Cytobios 75: 33-36.
290	Marie D, Brown SC. 1993. A cytometric exercise in plant DNA histograms, with 2Cvalues for 70 species. Biological Cell 78: 41-51.
291	Costich DE, Meagher TR, Yurkow EJ. 1991. A rapid means of sex identification inSilene latifolia by use of flow cytometry. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter 9:359-370.
292	Buitendijk JH, Boon EJ, Ramanna MS. 1997. Nuclear DNA content in twelve speciesof Alstroemeria L. and some of their hybrids. Annals of Botany 79: 343-353
293	Das AB, Mallick R. 1993. Karyotype diversity and interspecific 4C DNA variationin Bupleurum. Biologica Plantarum 35: 355-363.
294	Das AB, Mallick R. 1989. Interrelationships between karyotype interphase nuclearvolume, in situ DNA content and seed ultrastructure in Anethum graveolens L.Perspectives in Cytology and Genetcis (Ed. GK Manna and U Sinha) 6: 211-218
295	Das AB, Mallick R. 1993. Nuclear DNA and chromosome changes within the tribeAmmineae. Cytobios 74: 197-207
296	Nagpal R, Raina SN, Sodhi YS, Mukhopadhyay A, Arumugam N, Pradhan AK, Pental D.1996. Transfer of Brassica tournefortii (TT) genes to allotetraploid oilseedBrassica species (B. juncea AABB, B. napus AACC, B. carinata BBCC): homoeologouspairing is more pronounced in the three-genome hybrids (TACC, TBAA, TCAA, TCBB)as compared to allodiploids (TA, TB, TC). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 92:566-571
297	Singh KP, Raina SN, Singh AK. 1996. Variation in chromosomal DNA associated withthe evolution of Arachis species. Genome 39, 890-897.
298	Greilhuber J, Obermayer R. (pers. comm. 1996)
299	Ohri D, Fritsch R, Hanelt P. (pers. comm. 1996).
300	Cox AV, Abdelnour DG, Bennett MD, Leitch IJ. (pers. comm. 1996).
301	Ohri D. (pers comm. 1996)
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461	Bennett MD, Leitch IJ, Price HJ and Johnston JS. 2003. Comparisons withCaenorhabditis (~100 Mb) and Drosophila (~ 175 Mb) using flow cytometry showgenome size in Arabidopsis to be ~157 Mb and thus ~25 % larger than theArabidopsis Genome Initiative estimate of ~125 MB. Annals of Botany, 91: 547-557.
462	Bitonti MB, Cozza R, Chiappetta A, Contento A, Minelli S et al. 1999. Amount andorganization of the heterochromatin in Olea europaea and related species.Heredity 83: 188-195.
463	Galbraith DW, Harkins KR, Knapp S. 1991. Systemic endopolyploidy in Arabidopsisthaliana. Plant Physiology 96: 985-989.
464	Francis DM, Hulbert SH, Michelmore RW. 1990. Genome size and complexity of theobligate fungal pathogen, Bremia lactucae. Experimental Mycology 14: 299-309.
465	Hanson L, Leitch IJ, Bennett MD. Unpublished data from the Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
466	Zonneveld BJM, Leitch IJ, Bennett MD. 2005. First nuclear DNA amounts in more than 300 angiosperms. Annals of Botany 96: 229-244.

Bryophytes

Ref. No.	Reference
1	Voglmayr H. 2000. Nuclear DNA amounts in mosses (Musci). Annals of Botany 85:531-546.
2	Temsch EM, Greilhuber J, Krisai R. 1998. Genome size in Sphagnum (peat moss).Botanica Acta 111: 325-330.
3	Greilhuber J, Sastad SM, Flatberg KI. 2003. Ploidy determination in Sphagnumsamples from Svalbard, Arctic Norway, by DNA image cytometry. Journal ofBryology 25: 235-239.

Gymnosperms

Ref. No.	Reference
1	Berlyn GP, Anoruo AO, Beck RC, Cheng JP. 1987. DNA content polymorphism andtissue culture regeneration in caribbean pine. Canadian Journal of Botany 65:954-961.
2	Berlyn GP, Berlyn MKB, Beck RC. 1986. A comparison of internal standards forplant cytophotometry. Stain Technology 61: 297-302.
3	Davies BJ, O'Brien IEW, Murray BG. 1997. Karyotypes, chromosome bands and genomesize variation in New Zealand endemic gymnosperms. Plant Systematics andEvolution 208: 169-185.
4	Davies BJ. 1996. Chromosome evolution and cytogenetics in the New Zealandconifers. MSc. University of Auckland, New Zealand.
5	Dhillon SS, Berlyn GP, Miksche JP. 1978. Nuclear DNA content in populations ofPinus rigida. American Journal of Botany 65: 192-196.
6	Dhillon SS. 1980. Nuclear volume, chromosome size and DNA content relationshipsin three species of Pinus. Cytologia 45: 555-560.
7	Dhillon SS. 1987. DNA in tree species. In Cell and tissue culture in forestry(Bouga JM, Deuzan DJ, eds), pp. 298-313, Dortrecht: Martinus Nijhoff.
8	Greilhuber J. 1986. Severely distorted Feulgen DNA amounts in Pinus(Coniferophytina) after non-additive fixations as a result of meristematic self-tanning with vacuole contents. Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 28: 409-415.
9	Greilhuber J. 1988. Critical reassessment of DNA content in plants in KewChromosome Conference III (Brandham PE, ed.), pp. 39-50, London:HMSO.
10	Kurdi Haidar B, Shalhoub V, Dibhajj S, Deeb S. 1983. DNA sequence organizationin the genome of Cycas revoluta. Chromosoma 88: 319-327
11	Lin YQ, Bitonti MB, Ciolli M, Innocenti AM. 1988. Somatic mutagenesis in Pinuslaricio - a cytophotometric analysis of DNA and histone content in 2Cmeristematic nuclei. Caryologia 41: 137-142.
12	Marie D, Brown SC. 1993. A cytometric exercise in plant DNA histograms, with 2Cvalues for 70 species. Biology of the Cell 78: 41-51
13	Mellerowicz EJ, Riding RT, Little CHA. 1989. Genomic variability in the vascularcambium of Abies balsamea. Canadian Journal of Botany 67: 990-996.
14	O'Brien IEW, Smith DR, Gardner RC, Murray BG. 1996. Flow cytometricdetermination of genome size in Pinus. Plant Science 115: 91-99.
15	Ohri D, Khoshoo TN. 1986. Genome size in gymnosperms. Plant Systematics andEvolution 153: 119-132
16	Rake AV, Miksche JP, Hall RB, Hansen KM. 1980. DNA reassociation kinetics offour conifers. Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 22: 69-79.
17	Renfroe MH, Berlyn GP. 1984. Stability of nuclear DNA content duringadventitious shoot formation in Pinus taeda L. tissue culture. American Journalof Botany 71: 268-272.
18	Roth R, Ebert I, Schmidt J. 1997. Trisomy associated with loss of maturationcapacity in a long- term embryogenic culture of Abies alba. Theoretical andApplied Genetics 95: 353-358.
19	Seo JS, Lee KY, Kim TU. 1979. Genome analysis of several gymnosperm pollens.Seoul Journal of Medicine 20: 70-76.
20	Teoh SB, Rees H. 1976. Nuclear DNA amounts in populations of Picea and Pinusspecies. Heredity 36: 123-137.
21	Valkonen JPT, Nygren M, Ylonen A, Mannonen L. 1994. Nuclear DNA content of Pinussylvestris (L.) as determined by laser flow cytometry. Genetica 92: 203-207.
22	Wakamiya I, Newton RJ, Johnston JS, Price HJ. 1993. Genome size andenvironmental factors in the genus Pinus. American Journal of Botany 80: 1235-1241.
23	Wyman J, Guertin F, Mansour S, Fournier M, Laliberte S. 1993. Use of mousehepatocytes for the flow cytometric determination of DNA levels of nucleiextracted from fresh tissue of hybrid Larch (Larix X Eurolepis Henry). Cytometry14: 217-222.
24	Wyman J, Laliberte S, Tremblay MF. 1997. Nuclear DNA content variation in seedsfrom 22 half-sib families of jack pine (Pinus banksiana, Pinaceae). AmericanJournal of Botany 84: 1351-1361
25	Leitch IJ, Hanson L, Winfield M, Parker J, Bennett MD. 2001. Nuclear DNA C-values complete familial representation in gymnosperms. Annals of Botany 88: 843-849.
26	Hanson L. 2001. Chromosome number, karyotype and DNA C-value of the Wollemi Pine(Wollemia nobilis, Araucariaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 135:271-274
27	Hall SE, Dvorak WS, Johnston JS, Price HJ, Williams CG. 2000. Flow cytometricanalysis of DNA content for tropical and temperate New World pines. Annals ofBotany 86: 1081-1086
28	Joyner KL, Wang XR, Johnston JS, Price HJ, Williams CG. 2001. DNA content forAsian pines parallels New World relatives. Canadian Journal of Botany 79: 192-196
29	Hizume M, Kondo T, Shibata F, Ishizuka R. 2001d. Flow cytometric determinationof genome size in the Taxodiaceae, Cupressaceae sensu stricto andSciadopityaceae. Cytologia 66: 307-311
30	Bou Dagher-Kharrat M, Grenier G, Bariteau M, Brown S, Siljak-Yakovlev, SavoureA. 2001. Karyotype analysis reveals interspecific differentiation in the genusCedrus despite genome size and base composition constancy. Theoretical andApplied Genetics 103: 846-854
31	Siljak-Yakovlev S, Cerbah M, Coulaud J, Stoian V, Brown SC, Zoldos V, Jelenic S,Papes D. 2002. Nuclear DNA content, base composition, heterochromatin and rDNAin Picea omorika and Picea abies. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 104: 505-512
32	Auckland LD, Johnston S, Price HJ, Bridgewater FE. 2001. Stability of nuclearDNA content among divergent and isolated populations of Fraser fir. CanadianJournal of Botany 79: 1375-1378
33	Williams CG, Joyner KL, Auckland LD, Johnston S, Price HJ. 2002. Genomicconsequences of interspecific Pinus spp. hybridization. Biological Journal ofthe Linnean Society 75: 503-508
34	Barow M, Meister A. 2001. Lack of correlation between AT frequency and genomesize in higher plants and the effect of nonrandomness of base sequences on dyebinding. Cytometry 47: 1-7
35	Grotkopp E, Rejmanek M, Sanderson MJ, Rost TL. 2004. Evolution of genome sizein pines (Pinus) and its life-history correlates: supertree analysis. Evolution58: 1705-1729
36	Bogunic F, Muratovic E, Brown SC, Siljak-Yakovlev S. 2003. Genome size and basecomposition of five Pinus species from the Balkan region. Plant Cell Reports 22:59-63.

Pteridophytes

Ref. No.	Reference
1	Price HJ, Sparrow AH, Levis RW, Coggins LW. 1972. High DNA content ofSprekelia formosissima Herbert (Amaryllidaceae) and Ophioglossum petiolatum Hook(Ophioglossaceae). Experimental Cell Research 73: 187-191.
2	Bouchard RA. 1976. DNA amount and organisation in some lower vascular plants.Ph.D. Thesis. University of Chicago. Warning: Caution is recommended when using C-value data from Bouchard (1976). A comparison between Bouchard's data with that from Bennett and Leitch (2002) revealed large discrepancies. Until the causes of these (whether taxonomic, methodological or some other factor(s)) are known, it is suggested that C-values reported by Bouchard should be viewed with caution until independently confirmed.
3	Polito VS. 1980. DNA microspectrophotometry of shoot apical meristem cellpopulations in Ceratopteris thalictroides (Filicales). American Journal ofBotany 67: 274-277.
4	Murray BG. 1985. Karyotypes and nuclear DNA amounts in Polypodium L.(Polypodiaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 90: 209-216.
5	Tan MK, Thompson JA. 1990. Variation in genome size in Pteridium. In: ThomsonJA, Smith RT, eds. Bracken Biology and Management. Occasional Publication 40,Sydney: Australian Institute of Agricultural Science, 87-93.
6	Greilhuber J. 1988. 'Self-tanning' - a new and important source ofstoichiometric error in cytophotometric determination of nuclear DNA content inplants. Plant Systematics and Evolution 158: 87-96.
7	Redondo N, Horjales M, Blanco A. 1999. Cantidades de DNA nuclear eporas enAspeniaceae: Asplenium L. Phyllitis Hill y Ceterach Willd. Polypodium L. NovaActa Cientifica Compostelana (Bioloxía) 9: 99-107.
8	Redondo N, Blanco A, Horjales M. 1999. Estudio del género Polypodium L. delnoroeste Ibérico: Cantidades de DNA nuclear. Nova Acta Cientifica Compostelana(Bioloxía) 9: 109-116.
9	Obermayer R, Leitch IJ, Hanson L, Bennett MD. 2002. Nuclear DNA C-values in 30species double the familial representation in pteridophytes. Annals of Botany90: 209-217
10	Grime JP, Hodson JG, Hunt R. 1988. Comparative Plant Ecology: A functionalapproach to common British species. London: Unwin Hyman.
11	Hanson L, Leitch IJ. 2002 DNA amounts for five pteridophyte species fillphylogenetic gaps in C-value data. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society140: 169-173
12	Bures P, Tichy L, Wand Y-F, Bartos J. 2003. Occurrence of Polypodium xmantoniaeand new localities for P. interjectum in the Czech Republic confirmed using flowcytometry. Preslia 75: 293-310

Original references for DNA C-values listed in the Plant DNA C-values database (release 4.0 Oct. 2005)

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Pteridophytes

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